精毛区二区三区四...鬼福利
张玉凤 87902万字 81721人读过 连载
在这里我想将自己一路的所见所闻分享出来。一直认为对女孩子来说，读书与见识同样重要，读一本好书，不一定是世界名著人人都耳熟的那种，也许仅是符合你口味的小众类别，之后一定能有所收获，那些是别人所传授不了的，是只属于自己的见解，旅行同样是，从最初的想法，到计划雏形，最后你一步一步的来实现，其中的过程才是最妙不可言的，当你走出去才会发现，这个世界如此之大，心境竟能如此之广。一路上打交道的人，和你看过的风景，将是一辈子的宝贵财富，更关键的是，它独一无二，只属于你游记里的文字和图片都非常用心，尽量做到详细，漏掉的地方可以给我留言，希望你们能喜欢，不要只收藏啊，多给我留言和支持，谢谢啦~微博：@陈安娜呢lofter： https//chenanna.lofter.com/instagramchenannaaa 其他游记：在沙巴，做一场不愿醒来的梦#每一张都是大片#https//bbs.8264.com/thread-5212161-1-1.html 河内 发呆吹风喝咖啡岘港 越南最美海滩 会安 奥黛与灯笼芽庄 大海大海大海大叻 法式别墅群美奈 自驾白沙丘看日出胡志明 漫步漫步闲逛马六甲 沙爹火锅吉隆坡 暴走❤❤❤ 084;Day1南宁-河内bus 河内Day2河内Day3河内-岘港airplane 岘港岘港-会安busDay4会安Day5会安会安-芽庄sleeping busDay6芽庄Day7芽庄芽庄-大叻open bus大叻Day8大叻Day9大叻大叻-美奈open bus美奈Day10美奈Day11美奈美奈-胡志明sleeping busDay12胡志明Day13胡志明胡志明-吉隆坡airplane吉隆坡-马六甲busDay14马六甲马六甲-吉隆坡bus吉隆坡Day15吉隆坡吉隆坡-北京airplane❤❤d84;❤ 一个视频这次特地用单反拍了一个视频没有带三脚架所以不太好弄 全程手持没有很棒的剪辑，也算不上大作只是对整个行程来个简短的记录事后是十分美好的回忆千万不要错过 084;请手动转到超清！效果会更好！❤❤❤也附上一个优酷的连接：https//v.youku.com/v_show/id_XOTYzMDQ3NDAw.html 084;❤; 几张
最新章节： 第521章 脸书被曝新漏洞 （ 2024-05-27 06:01:57）
更新时间： 2024-05-27 06:11:50
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国产未成女八v视频
黄柏亚本贴是小编在8264的处女贴，因为是个“生态学家”，所以必然先为大家介绍奇特的物种。小编酷爱野生动物，自然环境，以及相关的户外活动。曾亲身考察了各个洲的部分区域，将会以图文并茂的方式提供给大家不同当地物种与环境的知识，分享小编的个人经历。希望大家积极参与国外户外活动。如有不明处请不要犹豫询问小编，小编必定知无不言言无不尽。本帖主：山地大猩猩 Mountain Gorilla活动地点：东非 （Uganda乌干达，Rwanda卢旺达）主要景点：布温迪不可穿越的森林国家公园 （乌干达）Bwindi Impenetrable National Park https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1821265-pid-33537862.html 维龙加火山国家公园 （卢旺达）Virunga Volcanic National Park https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1821265-pid-33547215.html附加景点 伊丽莎白国家公园 (乌干达) Elizabeth National Parkhttps//bbs.8264.com/forum-redirect-goto-findpost-ptid-1821265-pid-33494840.html维龙加山地形图，山脉横跨乌干达，卢旺达与刚果。直奔主吧，非洲“山地大猩猩”保守估计少于1000只，属于严重濒危物种（严重程度超过大熊猫与江豚）。分布在乌干达，卢旺达与刚果的国家公园境内，属纯野生动物。银背：一个家族的首领，当仁不让的保护者。 雄性在成年后，背部会长出银灰色的毛，身高大约在1.8米，体重200公斤，臂长2.3米，十分了得。 后背毛发短，手臂毛发长而茂密。小编不敢亲身体验他的力道，所以无从估计，实在抱歉！不过听公园管理员说，10个美式橄榄球运动员也不能抗衡一只银背. 看到我们一行人后，自觉提醒家族成员，是一位首领的任务。 行注目礼立刻抱起并保护幼崽。来几张局部特写 （虽然爬了5个小时的山，但是扛着大白镜头是完全正确的）看到我们并无敌意，开始悠哉的打盹了。 （估计是刚刚吃饱） 大猩猩咬力惊人，遇到敌人时一定会撕咬对方。哥们你是不是改减减肥了，看你腰间那游泳圈！呵，“沉思者”你这还玩起造型来了？ 看到我们一行人不停围着族群走动拍照，显得有些不耐烦了，开始咆哮！ （其实也就是打个哈气）仔细看上去，银背还是很帅的。雌性：哺育家族下一代的呵护者。体重几乎为雄性的一半：100公斤，身高1.3米，胸前有傲人的双峰，头部也比雄性小很多，容易区别。小编一行人里的妹子们！ 你们看人家多么汹涌澎湃！幼崽在母亲的怀里很安逸。特写： “你在想什么呢”？“小宝宝与妈妈” 这伟大的一刻让我抓拍下来了！ 我们这使劲的拍，你就不能关照一下吗？ 就知道睡！你表情那么凝重干嘛？雌性局部特写未完待续，还有幼崽，家族结构，国家公园风景，其他大草原上的动物的介绍，以及全部东非生态游的行程慨括。幼崽：活泼可爱，却命运不定的嬉戏者。猩猩幼崽喜爱玩耍，经常爬树，与其他幼崽摔跤，打闹，游戏。这样有助于他们的成长与学习，必要时成年雄性与雌性也会参加到游戏当中。爸爸说：“喂，你过去跟这帮人类打个招呼，注意点啊。”小家伙爬到离我们差不多2米的距离是，我旁边的小妹估计是有点害怕，站起身来要往后退。 当时银背就立起来了，我那个汗啊！ 预感要出事了，公园巡逻员立刻按住小妹让她蹲下，才避免了悲剧发生。还知道找妈妈要东西吃！幼年的猩猩活动量非常大，几乎没有闲着的时候，扒高上低让我们很难抓拍。算了，直接上嘴咬吧。小编一开始为什么说幼崽的命运是不定的呢？ 这就要从大猩猩的族群制度开始讲起了，首先一个族群只能有一个领头银背，4-7个左右的成年雌性，3-5个成年雄性 （也可能是首领银背的兄弟或儿子），其他为4岁以下的幼年猩猩。大猩猩没有领地性，哪里有实物就去哪里。偶尔遇到豹子之类的掠食者，银背会挺身而出，但是惧怕变色龙与鳄鱼等爬行类动物。当遇到另一个族群时，如果出现矛盾，银背会开始攻击对方的首领，直到死亡。当一个族群没有首领时，幼年的猩猩就会被新首领杀死，以保证自己与后代以后不受威胁，生物上称这种现象为 infanticide (杀婴）。 聊完山地大猩猩，那么开始介绍这一趟旅行的过程。我们做的是埃塞俄比亚航公公司的班级，大家也可以选择肯尼亚航空，这一点不详细介绍了。DAY 1： 乌干达首都： 坎帕拉。 听向导RICHARD 讲，坎帕拉有五个丘陵，分别成为一个镇区，当地的人民虽然在城里长大但是都有自己所属的部族。我们外国人当然分不清啦！也学了几句Swahili,但是现在全忘了。整个城区就是一个字，乱。毕竟经济不发达，而且自从1962年独立后也饱受国家民族内战，希望以后会慢慢好起来。以为独立之前是英殖民，所以公路上也是左行，偶尔能看见基座高楼，十字路口也会有白衣警察。80%多人都信奉基督，具体是天主教还是新教没有多问，也有伊斯兰教徒。在坎帕拉其中一个山丘俯瞰城区市里的清
韩国专线一区三区
陈家杰https//www.xiami.com/widget/42553131_1770760772,_235_346_cccccc_dddddd_1/multiPlayer.swf虫子shino的公众号天涯曾相见，但已遥远。沿途风起云涌的炫丽，那些灿若烟火的精彩，都在微微一笑中，云淡风轻。感谢一路上接待,照顾我的朋友们，有刚认识的，也有多年未见的……谢谢你们，为我的旅途增添了五光十色的回忆...... 沙巴旅游公司网站https//www.borneowildlife.org/raft.html住宿：香港九龙海逸君卓酒店沙巴： nexus resort&spa karambunai lagoon park 谁走进你的生命，是由命运决定；谁停留在你生命中，却是由你自己决定。这半个月的经历回忆起来总是令人感慨万千……虽然已经过去了……那些失望的，开心的，难以忘怀的，令人感动的，本该忘记的，铭记于心的……散落成记忆的碎片，一小段一小段……快乐的时光总是匆匆而过，钟哥谢谢你一路陪我…… 世间的感情莫过于两种：一种是相濡以沫，却厌倦到终老；另一种是相忘于江湖，却怀念到哭泣。 离开一个地方，风景就不再属于你；错过一个人，那人便再与你无关。人生就是这样，牵挂着、烦恼着、自由着、限制着；走出一段路程，回头一望，却也生动着、美丽着；有着你爱的人和爱你的人，有着你喜欢的事和需要你做的事，有着牵挂你的人和你牵挂着的人； 人这一辈子是短暂的，所以要让自己健康着、开心着、幸福着，偶尔还要醉着。幸福，就是找一个温暖的人过一辈子。人生就应如此。 关于沙巴 【沙巴简介】（沙巴州，马来语：Sabah） 是马来西亚面积第二大的州，位于东马，在婆罗洲的北部，以前被称为北婆罗洲（英语：North Borneo），在1881年开始被英国统治，至到1963年9月16日和砂拉越一起脱离英国统治结合马来亚及新加坡组成马来西亚联邦。 【沙巴气候】（地处热带） 气温：常年温度在23～32℃之间，几乎没有变化，任何时候都可以进行各种水上活动。山脉地带则比较凉爽，比如京那巴鲁国家公园。 降水：每年10月至次年3月空气潮湿，降雨量大，为雨季；5～9月降雨量小，为旱季。相对而言，旱季更适合旅游。雨季降雨虽多，但雨下得骤，停得也快，极少有连阴雨，大雨后天气转凉，更觉舒适宜人，有“四季是夏，一雨成秋”之说。 季风：尽管沙巴位于飓风地带，却几乎不会受到台风的打扰，因而有“风下乡土”的美誉。无论是雨季湿润的东南风，还是旱季干燥的西南风，带来的都是凉爽和惬意。【沙巴资源】 沙巴是一个地形多山及河流交缠的崎岖地方，河流的水流过了溪谷，也穿过了肥沃平地. 交织的密林与森林中也有许多住着数以百万的东亚雨燕，蝙蝠及其他动物的洞穴。繁茂的绿树也是野生动物的护身之地，西必洛人猿保护中心是协助和重新安置那些在森林中的孤儿人猿，并且也给予它们重生的希望。自1964年起，超过100头的人猿被鉴定在这个中心内受保护并重返森林。保护中心内，幼小的人猿被提供基本的训练，以使它们能自力更生。游客也可以在这中心里看到这些可爱的人猿和它们的举止。在京那巴打岸河的一带也被列为野生动物保护区，这里也是在整个区域中心内其中一个野生动物之生命演变最富裕的地方。有10种灵长类的动物品种在这里被发现，这包括人猿，长鼻猴和婆罗洲的长臂猴。罕有的鸟类都可在这儿探觅到。沙巴也是赏鸟的天堂。神山在数以千年未收到破坏的奇迹下成为了植物和鸟类的生存之地。在数万年前，神山顶峰曾经是积雪的。在神山公园总部和所设的森林步道中可说是最特优的赏鸟地方了，如卷尾，啄木鸟，霸鹤，山椒鸟及鸫鸟等都能轻易看得到。丹南谷亦是一个极佳赏鸟地方，大眼斑雅，亚洲霸鹤，八色鸟，犀鸟及啄木鸟肯定让你打开眼界。在东部的京那巴打岸平地也都可以寻觅到犀鸟的踪迹。 【马来西亚境内通讯】（HOTLINK卡、DIGI卡、CELCOM卡） 1、出国前开通国际漫游服务，但需预交费。采用**139*86 138226;R26;••R26;#方式拨打作为被叫是2.99CNY一分钟 2、漫游到大马后拨打国内电话22元人民币一分钟，采用**139*86 138•;••226;•#方式拨打为6元人民币一分钟 3、有几种卡可以选择：HOTLINK卡、DIGI卡、CELCOM卡，8.5RM卡费+5RM话费=25RM 4、central point买DIGI电话卡，电话号码是014打头的只要8.5马币（其中包含5马币的通话费），016打头的要10马币，每份钟0.5元左右。卖卡的人会要游客的护照，然后当场开通 5、打回国内0086+21+固定电话0.18 RM/min ；0086+手机号码0.43RM/min ，查询话费余额及有效期*126# HOTLINK卡使用TIPS：1）HOTLINK卡是一种马来西亚MAXIS公司发行的预付费SIM卡，累似中国的神州行/大众卡，单向收费2）打回国固定电话0.2RM/分钟,手机0.5RM/分钟，查询话费余额及有效期：*122#3）拨号固定电话132+0086+571（杭州区号为0571）+固定电话号码；手机 132+0086+手机号码5）购买充值卡地点：绝大部分大马的便利店,可以让店员充值并设置语言为英语 6）HOTLINK卡是默认能够国际漫游的，所以在中国境内也有信号，回成都后居然漫游显示中国联通的信号7）买卡费用4RM，其中含4RM话费，充值RM20，频繁实用，5天后卡上还余5RM DIGI卡使用TIPS： 1）DIGI卡是一种马来西亚发行的预付费SIM卡，类似中国的神州行/大众卡，单向收费 2）打回国固定电话0.18RM/分钟，手机0.43RM/分钟，查询话费余额及有效期：*126# 3）拨号：固定电话：0086+21上海区号为021）+固定电话号码、 手机：0086+手机号码、短信：0086+手机号码 4）购买充值卡地点：绝大部分大马的便利店,可以让店员充值并设置语言为英语 5）DIGI卡是默认能够国际漫游的，所以在中国境内也有信号，可以查余额的。 6）买卡费用25RM【根据手机号码额定买卡费用】，含花费15RM（兰卡威回来后又充值10RM） CELCOM卡使用TIPS： CELCOM是一种马来西亚发行的预付费SIM卡，类似中国的神州行/大众卡，单向收费 打回国固定电话0.2RM/分钟，手机0.45RM/分钟，查询话费余额及有效期：*124# 拨号：固定电话131+0086+571（上海区号021）+固定电话号码，手机131+0086+手机号码 购买充值卡地点：绝大部分大马便利店，可以让店员充值并设置语言为英语 机场、酒店、餐厅、货币兑换常用英语 【机场常用英语口语：机场中英文示】 出站(出港、离开)departures 登机手续办理check-in 登机牌boarding pass (card) 机场候机楼airport terminal 出口exit; out; way out 行李领取处luggage claim; baggage claim 中转transfers 过境transit 货币兑换处 money exchange; currency exchange 报关物品goods to declare 不需报关nothing to declare 贵宾室V.I.P. room 海关customs 登机口gate; departure gate 航空公司汽车服务处airline coach service 免税店 duty-free shop 进站(进港、到达)arrivals 【机场常用英语口语：机票上的说明】 旅客姓名 name of passenger 前往城市 to 飞机票 endorsements/restrictions 承运人 carrier 机号 plane No. 旅行经停地点 good for passage between 航班号 flight no. 起飞时间 time 机票确认 ticket confirm 起点城市 from 机座号 seat No. 非吸烟席 non-smoking seat 座舱等级 class 订座情况 status 吸烟坐位 smoking seat 起飞日期 date 登机口 gate 【旅馆住宿常用英语口语】 我會晚一点到达，请保留所预订的房间 I'll arrive late, but please keep my reservation. 我想要一间安静一点的房间 I'd like a quiet room. 我想要楼上的房间 I'd like a room on the upper level. 我想要一间视野好(有阳台)的房间 I'd like a room with a nice view (a balcony). 随时都有热水供应吗? Is hot water available any time? 我可以看一看房间吗? May I see the room? 我要订这间房间 I'll take this room. 麻烦填写这张住宿登记表 Would you fill in this registration form? 这里可使用信用卡(旅行支票)吗? Do you accept credit crads(TRAVELER's checks)? 是否可代为保管贵重物品? Could you keep my valuables? 餐厅在那儿? Where is the dining room? 餐厅几点开始营业? What time does the dining room open? 早餐几点开始供应? What time can I have breakfast? 是否可给我一张有旅馆地址的名片? Can I have a card with the hotel's address? 是否可在此购买观光巴士券? Can I get a ticket for the sight-seeing bus here? 最近的地铁站在那里? Where is the nearest subway station? 【餐厅点餐常用英语】 请给我菜单 May I have a menu,please？ 是否有中文菜单？ Do you have a menu in chinese？ 我可以点餐了吗？ May I order,please？ 餐厅最特别的菜式是什麼？ What is the specialty of the house？ 餐厅有今日特餐吗？ Do you have today's special？ 我可以点与那份相同的餐吗？ Can I have the same dish as that？ 你的牛排要如何烹调？ How do you like your steak？ 全熟(五分熟/全生) Well done (medium/rare),please. 【货币兑换常用英语】 请告诉我你要换多少 Please tell me how much you want to change. 要哪种货币？ What kind of currency do you want? 你有什么要换的？ What's it you wish to change? 要什么面值的？ In what denominations? 请在兑换单上字，写出你的姓名和地址？ Would you kindly sign the exchange form, giving your name and address? 能否请你给我兑换一些钱？ Can you change me some money, please? 请给我5张20元和10张一元的 Five twenties and ten singles, please. 给我一些小票好吗？ Could you give me some small notes? 沙巴代理 【参考网站】 1、沙巴旅行官网：www.sabahtourism.com 2、www.agoda.com.cn(报价包含税金和政府税，但需提前支付房费，人民币结算) 3、www.booking.com（报价不含税金和政府税，不需提前支付，到前台直接支付马币） 4、https//www.imperialboutec.com（IMPERIAL BOUTEC 酒店官网） 5、https//www.summerlodge.com，SUMMER 家庭旅馆【中英文对照表】 地名：沙巴sahba、亚庇kota kinabalu、亚庀亚航廉价机场：Air ASIa Terminal 2 景点：水上清真寺City Mosque、Gaya周日市场Sunday market、美人鱼岛Mantanani Island、东姑阿都拉曼国家公园Tunku Abdul Rahman Park（沙庇岛Sapi、马奴干岛Manukan、马穆迪岛Mamutik、加雅娜岛Gayana、苏洛岛Sulug）、漂流Rafting（九鲁河激流Kiulu River、巴吧河激流Papar River、巴达斯河激流Padas River）、艾京生钟楼Atkinson Clock Tower、沙巴基金大厦SABAH FOUNDATION BUILDING、州立清真寺State Mosque（沙巴博物馆附近）、沙巴博物馆Sabah Museum 购物：亚庇城KK Plaza、默迪卡商城Wisma Merdeka、太平洋商业中心Central Point、华丽山广场Warisam Square 沙巴亚庇景点 【水上清真寺City Mosque】 1、KK的清真寺有两家，州清真寺KK State Mosque和比较出名的是位于郊区的水上清真寺City Mosque 2、州清真寺的路线：在City Park前的加油站坐16A大巴，RM0.7元/人到KK Mosque下车。回程在清真寺门口坐mini bus17C，到终点的士站附近下车，价格相同。州清真寺的外观和普通的清真寺没有区别，里面有一个空旷的大厅，入口处需要更衣，男的在衣服外套一件阿拉伯式样的长袍，女的还要增加一条头巾，小孩则不必改装。3、水上清真寺的路线：在中央市场Central Market门口坐KK→里卡斯Likas的长途车，中途在City Mosque下车，车程10分钟，车资RM1.5。路上经过Jesselton码头站，如果从码头出发徒步前往水上清真寺，估计在半小时脚程左右。回程在清真寺门口坐1路公交车，在市区下车,车资RM1元。（1路大巴和5路MINI BUS经过清真寺，就在不夜天的路边车站坐车）City Mosque在KK的东边，地图以外，沿着市区的滨海路一直前行，往里卡斯海湾Likas Bay的路上。如不选择公交车建议叫出租，回来的时候需要和司机说好回程，否则叫不到回去的出租车。清真寺的马来说法：穆斯劲（往返出租车30-40MR） 从Center Point一直向西走，穿过WaWaSan Plaza，就是巴士总站.在百盛当地人叫wawason对面找6B路小公交，1马币的车票，车程约15分钟。当地巴士是不会报站的，和香港小巴一样要下车时提前按座位上方的按钮，由于和当地人沟通比较困难，我们便在车开的时候就时刻注意窗外，当看到不远处出现清真寺的时候便起身下车。回程的时候清真寺门口就有巴士会停，当时没看到挂着6b的牌子，于是和司机确认是前往 down town后，这才放心上车了 4、市区说有公交可以到达，但是班次比较少，行程蛮紧的话，打车来回，25-30rm左右吧。记得一定要跟司机说来回，否则清真寺附近本就荒凉，车站很难找，人也少…… 【东姑阿都拉曼国家公园Tunku Abdul Rahman Park】 由5个小岛组成，分别是加雅岛 （Pulau Gaya）、曼奴干岛 （Pulau Manukan）、马穆迪岛 （Pulau Mamutik）、苏洛岛〔Pulau Sulug 〕 和沙比岛〔Pulau Sapi〕组成的海洋公园。一般双岛游都选Sapi和Manukan，或者Mamutik也有些人气。这些小岛在市区北面的公共码头Jesselton point买票坐快艇15分钟左右即可到达，9号码头比较出名，船费是单岛23rm双岛33rm，还有税费7.2rm，税10rm。据说可以讨厌还价~ 岛上BBQ据说很一般，LZ准备随便吃点混混就可以了。 岛上活动价格参考（代理：洪叔）拖降落伞：RM70－1个人，最少2个人，15分钟 拖飞鱼：RM70－1个人，最少2个人，5分钟拖香蕉船：RM20－1个人，最少4个人，20分钟 海上摩多：RM135-1辆摩多，最多2个人，30分钟海底漫步：RM180－1个人 码头选择前往东姑公园共有3个码头，Jesselton是公众码头，也是最经济的，另外两个码头是香格里拉和丝绸太平洋酒店自己的码头码头在城市的东北面，叫jetty码头，在KK市的最北端。KK不大，从市区任何一个位置出发，步行十多分钟就能到达码头。如果方向感不强的话，记得先往西走到海边的滨海路上，再往北走到尽头，就是公众码头Jesselton Point。（从ＧＡＹＡ街一路直走就到了，以很悠闲的速度，大概需要２０分钟），根据酒店距离的远近，打车过去7-10马币不等。从KK市区西北角的公众码头Jesselton Point出发，乘坐快艇到达每个岛都只要十几分钟。kk渡船每天早上7点至下午6点开船，人满开船（8人），基本上15分钟一趟，最好在早上11点之前到达。船票及各项费用交通费：单岛往返船票RM17/人，去Sapi岛和Manukan岛的往返船费为27RM/人+码头税（Tariff Fee）RM6/人，+上岛费（Conservation Fee）（当天各海岛通用）RM10人，一般都是下午4点左右返回，共计43RM/人（两岛）。Counter 9（推荐），在Count 9直接付租救生衣的费用，RM5/人/天，无须押金，回来后放在船上就可以了；再到第二个柜台买Government Tax, RM 6/人。上岛后还需支付上岛费RM 10/人，一天内各个岛屿有效。一般10点前去到码头，很快就可以够人出发，通常可以选择下午2、3、4点返回，最迟4点。注意：一定要和售票柜台、船夫分别确认回程的时间，一次是在买票时确认，售票人员会记录在票根上，另一次是在上岛时，由乘客与船夫口头确认。设备租借费用：面罩和吸管10马币/天，脚蹼5马币/天，救生衣5马币/天，码头可租借或找Jetty码头有一家华人开的旅游Agency，招待客人的是一个非常可爱的胖胖的华人小姑娘，在这里可以代买船票，也可以租到浮潜工具，押金50马币，回来就退。另外，用泳镜看鱼也可以，租用吸管不卫生，如用最好用酒精棉花消毒 【红树林长鼻猴+萤火虫】 委士顿weston（RM170/人），最好的长鼻猴及萤火虫观看地点，所以价格稍高点 克利雅斯Klias（RM150/人），特点是萤火虫比较多，弱点是看长鼻猴比较远及较少，坐船观看萤火虫行程卡娜玛garama（RM150/人），特点是长鼻猴比较近，弱点是萤火虫很少 【香格里拉日落】 是指香格里拉丹绒亚路，拥有世界十大最美日落之称。早点到日落吧找个位置，来杯饮料，吹着海风看日落，美好的人生啊~ 也可以在海滩玩玩，免费观赏日落~ 【海鲜大排档SEDCO SQUARE--包括了4家海鲜店，店为华兴（免服务费）、双天（免服务费）、珍珠、古村（不推荐）】 另外两个是双天和珍珠-报洪叔名字打9折双天：双天共有2间店 , 一间位于Sedco Complex(没冷气) Twinsky Seafood,9-12 Block AG/F Sedco Complex Kampung Air ,Api , 另一间位于Komplex Asia City内(有冷气), 因为像大排档的有很多海鲜酒家及其他小吃店包围的气氛很好, 还可以叫小店送他们店内的食物送过来海鲜店来 , 可以一次过吃完海鲜还可以吃好其他美食了, 双天的奶油老虎虾不及海王城的好味及价钱比海王城还要贵, 但其他的菜就比海王城便宜, 老字号，价格最贵，味道最好。奶油老虎虾，是他家招牌，1斤多1只，50 RM多，很不错。其他菜色均保持水准。建议不要点石斑，他家做得非常腥，比天天差远了。需再另加15%的税费，我们跟老板磨了一下，免掉了。珍珠（SriMutiara），Sri Mutiara Seafood Restaurant, Lot 9,10&11,Grd Fir, BIKA, Sedco Complex Kampung Air)，其级数与海鲜品种虽不及不夜天，但以cheap取胜！在双天旁，价格只有其三分之二，味道也只有其三分之二。推荐他家大毛蚶，别家没看到，白灼，很鲜美。大生蚝每只6RM，品质不稳定，有的肥美，有的只有一点点。需再另加15%的税费，我们跟老板磨了一下，免掉了。去了珍珠海鲜酒家晚饭,我们一行十个人叫了虎虾刺身四隻,非常弹牙及鲜甜,另点了奶油虎虾八隻,D奶油味道做得非常好拿来捞饭简直一流,白灼跳螺很鲜超正,狮蚶炒贵勺很野味,竹筒麻辣牛肉及牛筋很难食,竹筒鸡味道可以但鸡肉好(鞋),清蒸野生笋壳鱼必食推介,鱼肉很滑又少鱼骨,野生七星班刺身,肉身很爽很鲜,但可惜冰溶得太快,鱼头及鱼骨拿去煲酸菜豆腐汤很好饮,豉椒炒鹿肉还可以,蒜蓉蒸元贝好厚肉唔会老,豉椒炒黄鱔无骨淡淡肉正呀,马拉盏炒薯仔菜食落好爽囗,桔仔冰亦有两款,一款係普通的,另一款係把桔仔搅碎但很酸,都係原味好饮些,十三味菜埋单共8XX马币抵食呀. 推荐：白胡椒炒蟹、蒜蓉象拔蚌、清蒸东星斑、奶油老虎虾、甘香炒大肉蟹、薑葱炒象拔蛘仔、烧魔鬼鱼、龙虾粥、白胡椒蟹、蛤蜊炖蛋；冰桔茶、芒果汁、菠萝汁都很浓很好吃！兜售的小吃推荐椰子布丁！ 有个饭店，呼声非常高，叫天天 天天饭店（和City Park Lodge在同一条街JI.Pantai上，海傍酒店楼下）：大力推荐，很多当地人都在此吃，5%的消费税。1） 清蒸野生石斑（RM 26/条）：RM26是最小条的，结果发现也有1斤多，超新鲜，价廉物美。2） 蟹肉炒蛋（RM 8.5）：味道一般，基本上是冬菇炒蛋3） XO酱炒芥兰仔（RM8.5）：推荐，芥兰仔很嫩4） 树仔菜炒虾球（RM13.8）：树仔菜偏老，没有海王城的好吃5） 紫菜海鲜汤（RM7.5）：味道一般，而且本来已经配了例汤，例汤比较普通，但俺LG说比紫菜汤好喝。6） 海南白切鸡饭（RM4.75）：鸡肉很嫩，但是相比广东的鸡，还是差远了。7） 芝麻炸鸡饭（RM5）：虽然给了一只鸡腿，但还是不好吃8） 罗汉果（RM2）：清热下火9） 海参蟹肉羹大家一定要试试，才RM8.00 一个小份，够两个人吃 推开岁月的窗，回望逝去的流年，一份淡泊，一份从容，尘世的悲喜忧欢，转头成空，浅笑随缘。 穿梭在迷茫的街景中，忽而还会有熟悉却又陌生的感觉，繁华之内，居住着许多寂寞和疲惫的心灵，一张张面孔散落在这片钢筋水泥的丛林中...... 车窗外快速掠过郁葱广袤的大地，这是我们永生追逐并且最终的归宿。 人生没有最完美的旅程，所以每个人的心中，都有一份想要去远方旅行的情怀，在岁月的流风中走过日月星辰，流水淙淙，走过浮光掠影，穿过人潮汹涌、灯火阑珊，邂逅一处梦境。 一路走来，经历了春的妩媚，夏的妖娆，更迷恋秋的丰盈与收敛。 心如明镜，宁静致远，人生如梦，顺其自然，是非恩怨，付与笑谈。 红尘之滚滚，天地之茫茫，我不过是来自偶然的一粒尘埃，不知将飘向何方。 一句懂得，一份欣赏，便是生命中的阳光，照亮了遥远的前方...... 温暖在左，明媚在右，清浅时光，且歌且行，一路风景，花香遍地，清风盈盈. 不言悲与欢，不说薄与寒，任时光渐行渐远，红尘恩怨，一笑而过，是非烦扰，坦然自若，乱云飞渡，从容不迫。 闲赏花开花落，静待月圆月缺。 人生的这场旅行，走走停停，总是在错过中得到，又在得到中失去。 谁也无法全部拥有，那些错过的花期，那些错落的美丽，总会留在记忆里。 走过漫漫红尘，渐渐懂得，我们每个人都不过是一个匆匆的过客，不必执意去挽留住什么，只要曾经拥有过，经历过，就已足够...... 只是想找一个面朝大海春暖花开的地方，安静的，感受生活，写写文章，展望一下2014，([]
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周雯珮各位旅友好：最近整理了一些丽江旅游攻略及丽江古城、泸沽湖、拉什海、束河、玉龙雪山等景色风光照片、将以不定期的形式上传到8264网，由于本人水平有限，如有不当之处还请广大旅友批评指正。望能得到8264网和大家的支持！ 一、行篇： 如果您乘大巴车来丽江、那么出昆明火车站出站口的右边就是铁路长途汽车站（火车站正对面的大路直走100米是昆明长途客运站。也叫南窑汽车站）,到丽江的汽车几乎每小时一班。有不同档次的车型供您选择，车费139-193元不等。到丽江大约8小时。 市内及景点交通： A.丽江新城公共汽车很方便，票价1元，的士收费 7.元起价. B.古城的各个出口有很多小面包车，去景点可以约几个人一起租。上车后司机大都会落力地向你加推其它景点，当然去与不去全在于你哦。 丽江有四个客运站，到不同的地方发车地点也不相同： 丽江客运总站0888-5121622 丽江旅游高快客运站0888-5121786 丽江客运站站电话0888-122536 丽江古路湾客运站0888--5122929 宁蒗汽车站0888-5521505 中甸客运站电话：0887-223501 丽江汽车客运站：位于丽江三家村南部（新客运站），以前的客运站已废弃停用。 公交车现在丽江也较方便，几乎是四通八达。 古城门口玉河广场右边路的对过和利客隆超市的门口有搭去龙泉寺的客货小巴和到束和古镇,大约十五分钟,菜场还有到拉市海的小巴车。 客运站和大旅游公司有到泸沽湖、香格里拉等地的客车及旅游车。一般8.30-9点发车.6个多小时到宁蒗,乘落水人的中巴(20元),两小时到泸沽湖或者乘到永宁的中巴,当中经过落水村和里格村 .旅游车可直接到落水或里格。 旅游公司到香格里拉的旅游车带有旅游线路，可免费送到景点。 丽江客运站有900出发的丽江-白水台的车, 13：00有白水台-中甸的班车。 （待续） ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------丽江古城旅友的驿站！我家照片及丽江风光图片网址：https//lyq676.51.com丽江古城玉河广场一角水磨坊古城之夜水的丽江古商铺丽江古城中心地图快进古城啦世界文化遗产志水的丽江-2晨曦中的东大街晨曦中的小巷水的丽江-3夜晚的狮子山晨曦中的东大街-2古城口的大水车[ ]丽 江 至 各 地 长 途 汽 车 时 刻 表 ： （仅供参考,如有变动以客运站的为准） 丽江—昆明 820 920 1020 1120 等（上午与晚间的车多、下午车较少）长途客运站 179—193元（按车的类型）。 丽江—昆明(卧) 1830 1900 1930、2000 2030 2040 等（一般是晚间） 客运站 143-166元 丽江—昆明 830 900 1030 等(省旅高快) 高快客运站站 179-193元 丽江—大理 830 900 1030(高快) 高快客运站站 50元 丽江—大理 700—1830(一般30分钟一班)丽江 客运站 35—50元 丽江—攀枝花 710 730 750 8;20 1100 1330 1800(卧) 等。丽江客运站 45—68元 （按车型） 丽江—中甸 730 800 900 1030 1200 1230 1330 1430 1500 1600 丽江 客运站 35-68元 （按车型） 丽江—宁蒗 750 900 1000 1100等。丽江客运站 34-78元 （按车型） 丽江—虎跳峡 830 客运站 23元 丽江—白水台 900 客运站 25元 提示：丽江新客运站在三家村南部，旧的客运站已废弃不用。 省旅高快客运站 长水路纳西大酒店旁边既是。 丽江航空、客运电话简表表 ： 丽江交通集团高快客运站联系电话 0888 5120054 丽江民航售票处 福慧路 5120291 云南航空丽江售票处 5124720 丽江地区运输公司客运售票处 玉河村 5122187 丽江地区运输公司汽车场 5121106 丽江客运站售票处 5121622 丽江客运站二招售票处 5122360 丽江客运站福慧路口售票处 福慧路 5123413 丽江客运站民主路售票处 5122519 公路（仅供参考）： 从昆明到丽江，行程527公里。 购票乘车地点：昆明市潘家湾长途客运站、昆明火车站出口旁的昆明铁路长途汽车客运站。昆明长途客运站（南窑客运站）等都有发往丽江的班车。班次：每天有20多班卧铺班车和普通、高快班车。行车：8-9个小时，票价：约143-193元。 从丽江到昆明的车大都从长途汽车站出发，高快客车一般发车时间是8：20、9：20、10：20、12：00及下午的班车（下午车较少，上午和晚间车很多），票价：151-193元，行程8小时； 卧铺旅游车一般是上午和夜间车，票价143-163元，行程8-9小时。 从丽江到下关的车几乎每半小时一班，票价50.5元，行程3-3、5小时。 从丽江到中甸的班车几乎每小时都有发车。时间从8：30-15：00。 从丽江到泸沽湖，行车 7小时，包括午餐时间，一般是早上9点发车，一般情况下只发一班，票价64-78元（按车型），至宁蒗后有班车接载至泸沽湖，票价10-20元。 现在客运站和大型的旅游散客公司也有到泸沽湖、香格里拉等地的客车及旅游专线车。一般8.30-9点发车.6个多小时到宁蒗,乘旅游专线车可直接到落水或里格。 旅游散客公司到香格里拉、泸沽湖的旅游专线车带有旅游线路，可免费送到景点。 目的地 里程 车型 发车时间 票价 ： 昆明 517公里 卧铺 ：8、00-14、00. 18：30 - 21、00.143-163元 大约8-9小时到 丽江。 昆明 同上 高快客运站 8：30 9：30 10：30 11：30 及部分下午的班车。179-193元. 8个小时左右到丽江。 宁蒗 218公里 一般是中巴 9：00 等。58-68元（按车型） 一般要6个多小时。 中旬 178公里 中巴 8：30 13：00等。57-70元 （按车型） 一般4-5个小时 到达。 虎跳峡 89公里 从中旬到桥头下 23.5元 2.5小时 大具 90公里 中巴 13：00 23.5元 3小时 云杉坪 33公里 中巴 10.5元 1小时 甘海子 29公里 中巴 10.5元 一般一小时。 攀枝花 305公里 中巴、48-80元。10小时 发车时间 7：45 17：00 18：00 14：00 等等。 做飞机的驴友，可乘民航大巴（15元\人）到终点站蓝天宾馆下车。然后打车（7元）到古城口（百货大楼）下车即入古城。晚间19点--0点古城口（百货大楼）禁止停车，你可以打车到古城停车场的出口下车，向里走经玉河广场走到头左拐（东大街）既入古城。只是多走了一段路。 （待续）[ ]古城口的大水车狮子山坡秋的丽江秋的丽江-2秋的丽江[ ]由于到丽江的铁路将在2008年通车，所以，现在来丽江现有二种途径： 一种是： 长途汽车，一般游客都从昆明、大理或攀枝花方向到丽江的。 昆明的几个长途客运站都有到丽江的班车，白天班车的票价是143—193元不等（）按车型。晚上的卧铺车票在143—163元多不等，车程都要8-9个小时； 大理下关或大理古城到丽江的班车很多，票价在40—60元不等（按车型），车程需要3、5小时； 攀枝花到丽江也有白天和晚上的班车，票价在60—90元不等，车程需要7、8个小时。 到达丽江的长途汽车站有四个地方： 一，丽江新客运站，丽江三家村附近，到古城口还要乘11路公共汽车到百货大楼下车，或打车一个起步费7元钱也是到百货大楼下车； 二，省旅高快客汽车站，在长水路，到古城口也要乘1路公共汽车5站路，或打车一个起步费7元钱； 三，丽江高快客汽车站，在香格里拉大道，到古城口也要打车一个起步费7元钱； 四，玉河走廊停车场，原古路湾汽车站，玉缘桥旁，出车站过马路不远就是古城，如果你的行李不多的话，不消七八分钟就到古城口大水车旁了。 二种是： 飞机到丽江，根据淡旺季，每天有十几到三十几班飞机来回于昆明、北京、上海、广州、成都、重庆、深圳和版纳等城市。 但丽江机场离开丽江市区还有27公里，你可以乘坐民航机场大巴来丽江，也可以打车半个多小时到古城。 机场大巴就在机场出口的左边，15元/人，约四十分钟送到市区终点站香格里拉大道上的民航售票处（蓝天宾馆），但离开古城还有一段的路程，你可以徒步（沿福惠路至新大街左拐50米对过既是古城口）或是打车，打车一个起步费7元钱即到古城口（百货大楼）； 如果下了飞机直接打车到古城口，一般车费是90元（晚间也可能是100元）。 因为整个丽江古城都是步行街，所以，不管你打车到古城口（百货大楼）下车，或者徒步到古城大水车处，都可以经东大街（大水车右拐第一条最宽的大街）直接走到四方街。（待续） 午后的酒吧街（洋人街）东大街溪水里的鱼儿们狮子山坡望古城大水车水的丽江[ ]清晨的东大街清晨的东大街-2清晨的东大街-3东大街的早晨东大街的早晨-2[ ]丽江城市主要公路公交线路简介 ：一路：百货大楼——行署——丽江宾馆——县政府——民航站——丽江卫校——慧通商场——西安街中段——西安街南段——八中——地区运管处——丽江总站——客运站——公路总段——百货大楼二路：客运站——公路总段——百货大楼——玉河市场——县一中——林业工程公司 三路：地区中学——机床厂——毛纺厂——三家村——军分区——客运站——公路总段——百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——古路湾——象山东路——清溪水库——黑白水林业局四路：百货大楼——公路总段——客运站——军分区——三家村——南口木综厂五路：丽江——拉市（暂停） 六路：百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——古路湾——象山东路——白沙街（暂停）七路：百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——云杉坪 八路：百货大楼——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——古路湾——象山东路——雪山中路——中级法院——民航站——金甲市场——长水路——丽江总站——客运站——公路总段——百货大楼九路：县政府——行署——红太阳广场——黑龙潭——象山东路——象山西路——自来水厂——新安街北段——慧通公司——丽江卫校——民航站——县政府十一路：客运站-----三家村转盘——忠义市场——长水路——丽江总站——七星街东门——百货大楼——行署——丽江宾馆——区政府——香格里拉大道——香格里拉大道延伸线——世界遗产公园——旅游文化学院转盘呵呵，更正！我拉写了个2、请原谅！到大具是私人客车，票价不是很稳、正常价格是23、5元。恕罪东大街溪水里的鱼儿们遥望玉龙雪山遥望玉龙雪山-2黑龙潭的南门东巴象形文字猜字壁[ ]很有特色的农行很有特色的农行-2东大街上的建行夜晚的四方街深夜的东大街[ ]吃 与 酒 吧 ：丽江吃的地方很多，古城新城到处都是。大饭店大多在新城。新城中、小饭店大多集中在七星街，全国各地的风味饭店都有。古城吃的价格要比新城贵！要想吃的便宜或吃风味小吃可到各农贸市场去吃，新大街的（百信商场、七星街附近）华都商贸城里面也有很多的各地小吃，营业到夜里两点多，很不错，很有风味！ 到丽江我认为有两种东东要吃： 一是黑山羊火锅，很不错！地点在老客运站东部，做一路车或打车都知道地方。 二是腊排骨火锅，50元一锅，两个人都吃不了，味道很独特。大多集中在象山市场，九路车或打车都可以去。丽江的酒吧在全国是很有名的，圣诞节和情人节时有很多人乘飞机到丽江就为了过一个节日！酒吧大多集中在酒吧一条街（东大街的上部）、以前也叫洋人街（因老外太多而得此名）。酒吧一家挨一家，一直延续到四方街，每晚对歌阵阵酒吧内人声鼎沸，甚是“壮观”，可算是丽江“一景”！再就是在新义街的酒吧（东大街毗邻），装修很有风格。小巷内有不少酒吧是老外开设，风格很独特雅致！属于静吧型。深夜的东大街-2深夜的东大街-3深夜的东大街-4深夜的东大街-5深夜的东大街-6[ ]街边的兰花别致的餐吧夜晚的酒吧街（洋人街）夜晚的东大街口夜晚的四方街[ ]纳西木刻纳西木刻-2纳西木刻-3打跳打跳-2[ ]古城里的餐馆木府旁一角古商号-仁和昌纳西木刻忙碌的餐馆[ ]好好学习、天天向上水的丽江水的丽江-2[ ]悠闲地游客悠闲地游客-2[ ]古居[ ]古城里的大石桥打跳去打跳去-2[ 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驴者家园丽江古城新华街黄山上段35号0888-5125387 老磨房客栈0888-5129773丽江因前天开始下雨、玉龙雪山下大雪，导致丽江气温急剧下降。白天最高温度仅11-13度，晚间最低温度5-6度。请这两天到丽江的朋友带够衣服，注意防寒！！！预计此天气将延续到周六为止水的丽江水的丽江-2[ ]住宿（2）： 泸沽湖 里格*扎西家 *扎西13988820478/0888-5881055 阿乌比麻家 *松纳扎西08885881129第一家就是 和拉丛：0888-5881016 高阿拉丛：0888-5881016 大嘴村长家较有特色，电话忘啦。 落水女儿国风情楼0888-5881108 摩梭风情园0888-5881268 摩梭园：0888－5881188 里格民俗园0888-5881129 虎跳峡 中峡旅店(Tina''''s)0887-8806638 核桃园山白脸旅店(Woody’s Guest House)0887-8806628, 13988712705 half way tel0887-8806522[ ]关于玩 ：1. 古城内有大大小小各式店铺几千家，女人们吸个拖鞋，逛几天也不会倦。当然如果有耐性，男人们也能在那儿淘到宝。晚上可以去四方街打跳或到酒吧街纵情放歌，那种感觉真是前所未有的，一定要亲自去体验！ 2. 时间充裕的朋友可以到拉市海露营，除了感受如诗如画的湿地及田园风光，骑马扬鞭或乘船出海都是不错的选择；也可骑单车或徒步穿梭在各个村寨之间，近距离感受真正的纳西族民族风情关于照相 1.丽江古城：拍PP的最好时机是在早上，古城之清幽及一米阳光之美景你可尽情收藏。想拍古城全景不一定到木王府（门票35,古城维护费40）,可以去文昌宫门口拍，效果相当不错。 2. 传统景点玉龙雪山是要去的。夏天山上雪不多；每年1、2月份的雪景和冰川真的非常漂亮，千万不可错过。 3. 拉市海值得一去，晴朗的日子在海边扎营观日落日出，场面非常震撼，色友们一定要去感受一下才不虚丽江之行.旅游： 古城一日游（游古城小窍门）： 丽江古城—— “万古楼”（看古城全景）门票（15元/位。古城维护费80）——木府（35元/位）——四方街——大石桥——东大街——玉龙桥——双石花园——古城停车场。 丽江玉龙雪山一日游： 玉龙雪山——甘海子——白水河——玉水寨——东巴神园——玉峰寺——云杉坪——玉柱擎天。 如果时间充足，建议从玉龙雪山的另条路骑马游玉龙雪山（正规的马帮有两个），这样即经济，又自由。但景点和索道的完全不一样。索道加门票320元。骑马220-360元（还能免费1-2个景点）。 徒步虎跳峡简介 这是目前国际上最热的徒步线路之一。 第一天：在去虎跳峡镇的路上可以途中游览万里长江第一湾和石鼓镇。 徒步的起点是虎跳峡镇（桥头），日出即出发，大约2个小时左右可 以到达纳西雅阁（NaXi Family）。出了纳西雅阁，就是闻名的28道 拐了。 此时全是上坡，坡陡、弯路。顶峰海拔有2700多米。可以看 到玉龙雪山13峰。晚上可住宿在茶马客栈（Tea Horse G•H）。体力 好的旅友可以继续往前再走一段，住在更好的地方——Half Way （中途客栈）， 第二天：早起出中途客栈，过了五指山和观音瀑布，到达张老师客栈。午饭 后，徒步峡底。 一路上全是下坡。过了小木桥，到了听涛渡。听涛 渡建于中虎跳峡缓地，共有3个房间，一间是这里的主人住，另外两 间就是客房了。这里是看中虎跳峡最近、也是最好的位置啦。观后 要从峡底往上走，除了山路就是天梯，很耗体力的。走上公路后， 可以等待拦车，穿过核桃园，到新（或老）渡口下车，然后乘船摆 渡到金沙江对岸。再走半小时左右，就到了终点——大具客栈。 （在本贴的后部，将有最新的关于丽江旅游的详细资料） （待续）([]
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刘家升Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang"; means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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林俊宏终于下决心开贴了，这次旅行回来已经一年多了，最近事情比较多，自己也对码字很头疼，今天浏览一番去年的旅游照片，再不写点东西，有些事情的细节可能就会遗忘了。 喜欢旅游的人，对欧洲是很向往的，10多年之前已经去过二次，一次是单位的福利，走马观花的15天10多个国家，稀里糊涂的就结束了旅行。第二次是陪老妈跟旅行团去的，摆脱不了上车睡觉，下车尿尿，景区拍照，回来啥也不知道的结局。现在岁数大了，有时间国内国外的到处走走看看，这几年也走过不少地方，感觉欧洲还是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好，那绝对不能跟旅游团，自己去的话，行程安排就是个头疼的事情，欧洲那么大，几乎每个角落都有可看可玩的地方，放弃任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍欧洲的话，是件很费力的大事。对着地图研究了很长时间，分两次玩遍欧洲是最好的选择，一次是从最南边的土耳其开始，一路北下，贯穿欧洲到最北边的北极圈。一次是以欧洲中部为主由东到西的环游，每次时间计划在60天左右。 游遍欧洲的旅游计划行程确定好了，让老婆选择先行路线，最后确定先走环游欧洲路线，交通工具是在德国法兰克福租车自驾。 路线确定下来，下面就是证买机票订旅店和租车，这些事情，有很多贴写的很详细，我就不再啰嗦，值得重点说的是，我们去欧洲的机票是北京经俄罗斯中转到法兰克福，已经到了俄罗斯了，为何不办一个俄罗斯过境，顺道去俄罗斯玩一次。申请德证完成后，又成功申请了俄罗斯二次过境证，每次不超过72小时。最后的行程是这样的： 北京出发,法兰克福进出，飞机在莫斯科经停,顺路先去俄罗斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德国的法兰克福,在法兰克福租车，先去海德堡,维尔茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游览德国南部众多的古堡和小镇。随后到达布拉格，游玩东欧匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三国。后进奥地利维也纳。再反走阿尔卑斯之路，沿途欣赏色彩浓郁的阿尔卑斯山风光,在起伏平缓的丘陵地带，峻峭的山峰、绿色的森林、古老的乡村、浪漫的山谷,还有迷人的”世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特.随后再次进入德国，重温有浓郁色彩的德国小镇和德国巴伐利亚国王的几个皇宫。国王湖和天鹅堡是重点.紧接着就是期盼的瑞士风光，苏黎世进入瑞士，日内瓦出瑞士进入法国，去法国西南部的普罗旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法国著名海滨城市尼斯.沿途游览几个法国城市后直奔西班牙巴塞罗那，观赏马德里附近的几个古镇，流连在各个充满了伊斯兰和古罗马风味的特色城堡。最后去这次的最远端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游览法国西北部海滨城市和卢瓦尔河谷。取道卢森堡到达科隆，走莱茵河谷经科布伦茨到美因茨后回到法兰克福还车。再飞到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。预计57天,自驾路线大约1万多公里。路线为：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法兰克福--海德堡--维尔茨堡--班贝格--纽伦堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉发--布达佩斯--维也纳--梅尔克修道院--哈尔施塔特湖--戈绍--萨尔茨堡—国王湖--阿尔卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦腾斯水晶--因斯布鲁克---米腾瓦尔德--加米施-帕腾基兴---上阿玛高--林德霍夫宫--普兰湖--菲森--新天鹅堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加伦--施泰因--苏黎世--卢塞恩--龙疆湖--因特拉肯--劳特布龙嫩--米伦—图恩湖--施皮茨--伯尔尼--马特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫尔日--日内瓦--阿纳西--阿维尼翁--薰衣草胜地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛纳--马赛--艾克斯--阿尔勒--阿格德--巴塞罗那--萨拉戈萨--马德里—塞哥维亚--阿维拉--托莱多--格拉纳达--科尔多瓦---塞维利亚--梅里达---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂玛-萨拉曼卡--布尔戈斯--维多利亚--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海滨--比亚里茨--巴约讷---波尔多---图尔--枫丹白露宫--特鲁瓦--卢森堡--科隆--科布伦茨--美因茨--法兰克福—莫斯科—北京。圣彼得堡夏宫莫斯科红场普罗旺斯看薰衣草世界最美乡镇”之称的哈尔施塔特奥地利瑞士尼斯蔚蓝海滨法国卢瓦尔河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程单，证就很好办，住宿我们都是在BOOKING上提前订好，基本上没有变化。租车提前2个月预定，价格有优势。 这次旅行，两个人总花费包括证在内不到8万元人民币。 出门旅游最大的消费就是交通费，我们欧洲环游是自驾，做好行程后，在网上发帖寻找旅伴，有一对绍兴夫妇与我们一啪即合，同步的申请证与订住宿，四个人完成了整个行程，这样，自驾这部分租车费，汽油费，过路费，存车费等四人均摊，费用自然降下来。 住宿费排名第二，根据各自对住宿条件的喜好程度，费用也参差不齐。我们的住宿平均55欧，基本上是中下水平。 饭费也占相当大的比例，我们自带了电饭煲和电磁炉，大部分是自己做饭。在这么长时间总吃西餐人也会疯的。自己做一些顺口的食物，即能保证营养，费用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀饭和自带的咸菜，再煎鸡蛋或煮鸡蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自带的面包加火腿和各种涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁与蔬菜。晚餐米饭，自做的一荤一素一汤。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的节目，牛排，猪排，鸡，鱼是晚餐的主打菜。感觉与在国内自己做菜的费用相差不大，欧洲人在吃饭上是很便宜啊。简单贴一个我们这次旅行的路线图。从图中可以看出，我们的旅行路线基本上就是中世纪神圣罗马帝国的疆域。去一个地方旅游，应该简单了解一下这些地区的历史和人文及信仰。欧洲的历史比较复杂，但从神圣罗马帝国开始就简单的多。这个神圣罗马帝国与罗马凯撒大帝时期的罗马帝国完全是两码事。神圣罗马帝国全称为德意志民族神圣罗马帝国或日耳曼民族神圣罗马帝国，与962年建立，止于1806年。这是一个松散的政治联邦，由王国、大公国、公国、侯国、宗教贵族领地和帝国自由城市组成，他们承认皇帝为最高权威，但各个王国又独立自主。皇帝由七个选帝侯选举产生。这其实就是现在欧盟的鼻祖。帝国的疆域包括近代的德国、奥地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷兰、比利时、卢森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法国东部、意大利北部和中部。帝国的发展历史也是各诸侯国争夺皇位的历史，从15世纪初起，皇位均由奥地利哈布斯堡家族占据，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他们的大本营是奥地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。进入17世纪以后，普鲁士崛起，建立普鲁士王国，随之也就带来了争霸的战争。结局是奥地利哈布斯堡家族惨败。能与神圣罗马帝国相抗衡的只有高卢人，北欧，奥斯曼帝国和欧洲大陆之外的英国。拿破仑的出现打破了这个平衡，16个神圣罗马帝国的成员脱离帝国，加入拿破仑邦联。1806年拿破仑勒令神圣罗马帝国皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放弃神圣罗马帝国皇帝尊号，仅保留奥地利皇帝称号。宣告神圣罗马帝国从此退出历史舞台。1815年，拿破仑战争结束，德意志邦国被并入组织松散的德意志邦联，由奥地利领导。普鲁士新国王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麦的出现，又一次打破僵局，铁血宰相俾斯麦领导的普鲁士与哈布斯堡家族领导的奥地利展开一场为争夺霸权的普奥战争。站在普鲁士方面的，有梅伦堡、奥尔登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及汉堡、不来梅和吕贝克3个自由市和意大利。站在奥地利方面的，有萨克森、汉诺威、巴伐利亚、巴登、符腾堡、黑森一加塞尔、黑森一达姆施塔德和德意志邦联的其他成员国。从大邦国的数量和人口、面积来说，奥地利方面占有优势。但是，从军事实力来说，普鲁士则显然强于对方。但结局是普鲁士大胜，1866年8月23日，奥地利完全退出旧的北德意志联邦。随后的普法战争，普鲁士打败法国，普王威廉一世登基为德国皇帝，德国成为欧陆最强的大国。到此，欧洲各国的格局基本形成。现行的欧盟是不是复辟了过去的神圣罗马帝国我们不得而知，但申根条约的实施却对欧洲大陆的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程开始。北京机场与绍兴的旅友汇合，洲际航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飞0040,到达.0440. 总时长8小时。我们都变成了追日的夸父，由于经纬度的变化，机窗外粉红的彩带一直伴随了我们飞行的大部分时间，这是不是就是传说的永不日落的晚霞？ 准时到达莫斯科伏努科沃VKO机场，出关也很顺利。我们申请了俄罗斯过境证，机票就变为北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法兰克福往返，在莫斯科中转不在同一个机场。今天我们要赶往圣彼得堡。 由于到达时间早，机场快线还没有开始，但第一班公交车611路刚好到达。语言不通，但手机里有莫斯科地铁的照片，拿给司机看，司机点头。莫斯科的公交车没有售票员，市民坐车基本都买公交卡，司机收了我们四人共100P，给一个卡。上车后，打卡才能通过类似公园大门的自动刷卡机进入车厢。来俄罗斯之前，也看过不少人写的游记，都说俄罗斯人粗野，警察也会找麻烦。在车上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地铁站名的纸片，与周围人询问下车的地方，还是有人会帮你，坐了将近一个小时，到站后，司机也喊我们该下车了。下公交车，坐红色地铁线去火车站。莫斯科的地铁致是一个红色大写的“M”字，下车后，远远就能看到。从莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火车站在莫斯科地铁红线的Комсомольской（中文叫共青团站）(红线跟环线的交叉站)站，这个站棕线上的站台很漂亮。 俄罗斯人大多数不会讲英语，去俄罗斯旅游，打印一些日常用语带在身边有很大的帮助。贴一些我找到的俄罗斯常用语。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景点：1．列宁墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宫Кремль 4．新圣女公墓НоводевичьеклаL9;дбище5．克里姆林宫Кремль6．红场 красная площадь 7．历史博物馆 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商场Охотный ряд10广场манежная площадь 11．普希金造型艺术馆 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12．大剧院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市场Вернисаж （Vernisaj ） 14．莫斯科大马戏团 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亚科夫画廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火车站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．库尔斯克火车站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅罗斯拉夫火车站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄罗斯火车站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地铁共青团站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火车站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．库尔斯克地铁站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄罗斯地铁站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起义广场地铁站Площадь Восстания10．游击队站（跳蚤市场）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大学站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿尔巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列宁格勒火车站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展览中心地铁站：ВДНХD．日常用语：1．地铁 метро2．入口 вход（夫货的） 3．出口 выход（威货的）4．售票处 касса5．票 билет 6．厕所 туалет（阿列特）7．谢谢 спасибо 8．对不起 извините9．火车站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽车 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票数билет в Суздаль в13．时间 пожалуйста.14．银行банк（班克）15．注册就是暂住证регистрация 16．行李寄存处Камера хранения17．城际列车Пригородный поезд 18．直达谢尔盖耶夫的城际列车站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽车站остановка 20．硬卧плацкарт, platzkart. 21．纯软卧那种мягкий22．软卧包厢купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景点： 1．彼得宫城（夏宫）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克鲁泡特金地铁站Кропоткинская 5．叶卡捷琳娜宫ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫尔尼宫ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤苏波夫宫Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保罗要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．红菜汤（罗宋汤）．Борщ 2鱼子酱Икра 3．煎饼Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文鱼семга 7．某种红鳟鱼форель 8．少盐的слабосоленный 9．烟熏的подкопченный 10．矿泉水негазированный出地铁站首先看到的建筑。 回头看是地铁出站口。 这里有3个火车站（喀山，亚罗斯拉夫，列宁格勒），我们当时也不知道那个是去圣彼得堡的火车站，拿着打印好的纸片问旁边的警察，警察很热心的指给我们看对面。我拿出相机拍对面的火车站，把警察摄入也没有引起他的不满意。谁说莫斯科警察不好惹？ 我拍照时，一对年轻情侣过来主动要求拍照，并作出夸张的表情，与我们做友好的互动，霎时间，对莫斯科民众的那些不友好传说完全消失。 买票时得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火车只有两趟车，现在已经没有票了，下午有一班车，只有几张剩票。赶紧掏钱买票。价格是真心贵。这就是我们不懂外文的弊病，如果能在国内提前在俄罗斯铁网上订票，不仅不会发生这样的事，价格还会便宜不少。 改变计划，先存包在火车站，在附近吃早饭，然后坐地铁去红场。 大街一角矗立着列宁的雕像。列宁是俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（世界上第一个社会主义国家）的缔造者、布尔什维克党的创始人、十月革命的主要领导人、第一届苏维埃政府人民委员会主席。我在很小的时候就看过原苏联录制的描写列宁一生的电影----“列宁在1918”。如果没有列宁，苏联也可能会走向大部分欧洲皇家变革的君主立宪制。如果真是那样，世界的格局不知道要变成什么样子？ 莫斯科地铁票已经涨价。单次票40P。20次票540P，进入后，可以随意转车，也可以多人使用一张卡。 贴一张莫斯科地铁图和红场周围景点图。 莫斯科地铁车厢太落伍了，没有空调，上边有个小窗户开着，跑起来后声音震耳欲聋，倒是可以吹点凉风进来。中国中车可以打进俄罗斯市场，提供些现代化的车厢了。 车厢不怎么样，但地铁站太值好好看看了，索科尔站的苍穹顶、斯摩棱斯克站的圆柱式大厅、基辅站的巨大拱门大厅和巨型壁画(以十月革命为主)、白俄罗斯站的英雄群雕、诺沃斯洛波德站的民族风格壁画、普希金站诗一般的圣洁、高尔基站(现改名为特维尔站)的神韵，以及最美丽的被誉为“20世纪建筑艺术精品”的马雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地铁来到红场（Okhotnt ryad，红线，绿线，蓝线的交叉站）。红场的意思是“美丽的广场”，“红色”在俄语里包含“美丽”的意思。地面全部由条石铺成，既独特又显得古老而神圣。红场是莫斯科人的骄傲，它是莫斯科的中心广场，见证了莫斯科的历史变化。首先来到二战英雄朱可夫骑马的雕像前，他身后是国家历史博物馆。我们只有上午的一点时间，只能走马观花看看红场的外景了。 朱可夫骑马雕像的右前方是国家杜马。 国家博物馆的右边，在俄罗斯式的凯旋门前有一个蓝顶绿墙的小教堂，教堂门口有人围着的地上有个铜的圆环，这个就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔个硬币吧，据说是可以带来好运。
hdⅩxⅩjapese
张怡君尼泊尔，我每次怀着一颗激动热切的心而来，最终带着一个伤痕累累的胃离开。 这次也不例外，和朋友一起，重新走了一遍珠峰南坡大本营EBC徒步路线。然后以告别的心态，闲逛了加德满都、博卡拉。怀着对饭食的强烈厌倦，以及不适的肠胃，回到拉萨。 这已经是我第三次到尼泊尔了，还会有第四次吗？我不知道。新鲜感已经消失，物价在上涨，或许下次，我该换一个目的地了。 还是先简要列出一下行程：4月10－12日：北京－拉萨；4月13－15日：拉萨，等待证，闲逛；4月16－17日：拉萨－樟木－加德满都；4月18－30日：珠峰南坡EBC徒步13天；5月01－09日：加德满都－博卡拉闲逛；5月10－11日：加德满都－樟木－拉萨；5月11－18日：拉萨周边闲逛；5月19－21日：拉萨－北京。本帖计划分为五个部分：第一部分：去程：北京－拉萨－加德满都https//bbs.8264.com/thread-778436-1-1.html第二部分：珠峰EBC徒步之上半程：Lukla－Chhukhung－EBC：渐入佳境https//bbs.8264.com/thread-778436-6-1.html第三部分：珠峰EBC徒步之下半程：EBC－Gokyo-Lukla：风雪喜马拉雅https//bbs.8264.com/thread-778436-26-1.html第四部分：加德满都－博卡拉：告别之旅https//bbs.8264.com/thread-778436-54-1.html第五部分：拉萨的闲暇时光https//bbs.8264.com/thread-778436-70-1.html 所带装备：鞋子：La Sportiva sandstone徒步鞋1双；Teva凉鞋1双；背包：OSPREY 小鹰38升背包1个；强氧摄影胸包1个；强氧魔怪肩带挂包1个；强氧水壶包1个；内衣：patagonia C3排汗上衣2件，C3长裤1件；TNF短袖T恤一件；保暖层：TNF Windwall 防风抓绒1件；外衣：Marmot Driclime Jacket风衣1件；裤子：TNF快干裤、Columbia 两截式快干裤各1条；登山杖：LEKI makalu 登山杖2支；睡袋：2011版Expedition HW UL LCW400信封睡袋1个；其它：抓绒毛线帽1顶；防晒圆边帽1顶；头巾1条；太阳镜1副；徒步袜两双； Petzl Tikka Xp头灯1个；水壶1个；雨披1个；瑞士军dao1把；药品若干；护膝1对。相机：宾得K-X单反＋腾龙18－200镜头。 在这里先替本次徒步的几件国产精品装备做个宣传。 首先是强氧的摄影胸包＋魔怪挂包＋水壶包，这三个包三位一体，成为我本次徒步中极有用的装备。 摄影胸包很好地保护了我的单反相机，还可以放下我的护照、钱包、相机卡、备用电池。 挂包则放下了我的小记事本、头灯、军dao、手机、MP3、纸巾。 水壶包则方便地容纳了我的水壶。 徒步过程中，挂包、水壶包很便捷地外挂在摄影胸包两侧，这三个包三位一体，通过摄影包的扣件组，与我的小鹰38背包相连，挂在胸前。这样我就可以很方便地取放相机、手机、水壶。 在不需要背小鹰背包的徒步过程中，利用摄影包附带的肩带，这三位一体包就成为我轻便的单肩背包。 如果你没有摄影胸包，魔怪挂包和水壶包还可以单独挂在肩带或者腰带上，方便取放，成为主力背包的有力补充。 另一件装备就是HW的2011版Expedition HW UL LCW400信封睡袋。 这个睡袋的好处是，重量轻，只有700克，但冲绒量达到了400克。压缩后的收纳体积为直径15CM×高度27CM，比我以前使用的抓绒睡袋只稍大一点，放进我的小鹰38睡袋仓内绰绰有余。温为0度，完全可以满足我三季活动的使用需要。 本次徒步过程中，几乎全程使用这条睡袋，除了有几个夜晚因海拔高（5千米左右）加上大雪，需要加盖毛毯之外，其它时间，完全满足了我的保暖要求。 信封式的结构，保证了宽大的睡眠空间。使用十几天下来，无明显钻绒。 个人感觉，这条睡袋很适合尼泊尔的成熟徒步路线，西藏阿里、川藏线等自驾，以及三季非恶劣条件下的户外扎营。轻巧的重量和收纳体积，轻便易携带，将成为我今后活动的主力睡袋。 好了，前言讲完，言归正传，首先还是从北京－拉萨的列车讲起。 第一部分：去程：北京－拉萨－加德满都 4月10日晚上8点，我和几个朋友一起，乘坐北京－拉萨的T27次列车，离开北京，开始了44个小时的火车之旅。这条路线已经走过多次，前半段风景乏乏，进入青海后，高原风光开始显现。 过了唐古拉山口，经那曲往南到当雄，远处天边，念青唐古拉山脉雪峰连绵，湿地上牦牛成群。 12日下午抵达拉萨后，我们在平措对面的吉雪住下。同伴的证未办理完毕，还有一个朋友要到15号才能从北京飞过来会合。于是13号到15号这三天，我们就在拉萨市内闲逛。逛拉萨，八廓街是不能不去的。围着大昭寺一圈，满街都是店铺。 虔诚的信徒们燃起了柏枝，香烟弥漫。 大昭寺门前，永远有来自各地磕长头的信徒。 正对着大昭寺门口的酥油灯房里，一排排酥油灯长明不灭。 我们走到大昭寺后面的小巷里，走进一个院子。这里住着来自各地朝圣的信徒，很像北京的大杂院。 夜色下的布达拉宫，依旧庄严非凡。 清晨，我们随着朝圣的人流，围绕布达拉宫顺时针转圈。山脚下一圈是长长的转经长廊，老艺人正在一丝不苟地修补转经筒。 从任何一个角度望去，布达拉宫都有着雄伟庄严的身姿。 穿过正门，我们踏上台阶步梯，近距离接触布达拉宫的高耸雄伟。 阳光照耀洁白的外墙，蓝天上白云悠悠飘过。 购买门票后，我们进入到第一层院内，这里还可以拍照。从右下方的楼梯进去后，就不许再拍照了。 布达拉宫内有很多佛像、经书、坛城等可看，在此就不细说了。最吸引游客参观的，当然还是历代达赖的灵塔，以及布达拉宫的镇宫之宝——帕巴拉康观音像，据传这尊木质观音像从公元7世纪流传至今，是由檀香木自然形成的菩萨造型，整尊佛像未经加工，仅是着色而成。 参观完布达拉宫，从后门出来，眺望阳光下的拉萨市容。沿着步道，我们走下布达拉宫。 布达拉宫的北面，层层步道，凑拥着高高的宫殿。 眺望北边的拉萨市区，依稀可见远处山脚下的色拉寺。 16号清晨8点半，我和两个朋友一起，乘坐拉萨——樟木的班车，出发赶往樟木。 这趟班车是每周二、四、六从拉萨出发，在火车站旁边的柳梧客运站发车，票价296元，要当天晚上12点左右才能赶到樟木，还是比较辛苦的。现在拉萨至加德满都开了一趟国际大巴，但是每周只有一班，票价500多，感觉不划算。 出发后，车沿着拉萨河一路往西，过了曲水县后，本来应该沿着318国道，顺着雅鲁藏布江直奔日喀则。但是现在318国道修路，班车从曲水过江，经羊卓雍错、江孜，至日喀则。这样走路程比较绕一点，好处就是可以顺带观赏一下羊湖的美景。过江之后开始爬山，回望雅鲁藏布江河谷。 翻越5030米的岗巴拉山口，美得无与伦比的羊卓雍错出现在我们面前。 羊卓雍错，简称羊湖，与纳木错、玛旁雍错并称西藏三大圣湖，面积678平方公里，湖面海拔4441米。远处天边，是海拔7206米的宁金抗沙峰，是西藏中部四大雪山之一。 我和朋友开玩笑说，羊湖可以取一个外号，叫“哇湖”，可能你已经来过好几次了，但是每次当你翻过岗巴拉山口，第一眼看到羊湖那魔幻般的蓝色，你仍然会情不自禁地“哇”出声来。 湖边的小小村庄，每天面对这样的美景，多么令人羡慕的生活。 湖面犹如蓝色绸缎，微风下泛起层层波纹。 白云朵朵，映照在湖面。 湖岸弯弯，远处雪峰连绵。 湖边的牧羊人。 ([]
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